Tuesday, July 12, 2011

Dead Sea Scrolls - A Compelling Find

Dead Sea Scrolls: What are They?
 
The Dead Sea Scrolls have been called the greatest manuscript discovery of modern times. They were discovered between 1947 and 1956 in eleven caves along the northwest shore of the Dead Sea. This is an arid region 13 miles east of Jerusalem and 1,300 feet below sea level. The Dead Sea Scrolls are comprised of the remains of approximately 825 to 870 separate scrolls, represented by tens of thousands of fragments. The texts are most commonly made of animal skins, but also papyrus and one of copper. They are written with a carbon-based ink, from right to left, using no punctuation except for an occasional paragraph indentation. 

Dead Sea Scrolls: Why are they Important?
The Dead Sea Scrolls can be divided into two categories—biblical and non-biblical. Fragments of every book of the Old Testament (Hebrew canon) have been discovered, except for the book of Esther. Now identified among the scrolls are 19 fragments of Isaiah, 25 fragments of Deuteronomy and 30 fragments of the Psalms. The virtually intact Isaiah Scroll, which contains some of the most dramatic Messianic prophecy, is 1,000 years older than any previously known copy of Isaiah.

In addition to the biblical manuscripts, there are commentaries on the Hebrew canon, paraphrases that expand on the Torah, community standards and regulations, rules of war, non-canonical psalms, hymnals and sermons. Most of the texts are written in Hebrew and Aramaic, with a few in Greek.

The Dead Sea Scrolls appear to be the library of a Jewish sect, considered most likely the Essenes. Near the caves are the ancient ruins of Qumran, a village excavated in the early 1950’s that shows connections to both the Essenes and the scrolls. The Essenes were strictly observant Jewish scribes, who appear Messianic and apocalyptic in thinking. The library appears to have been hidden away in caves around the outbreak of the First Jewish Revolt (66-70 A.D.) as the Roman army advanced against the Jews.

Based on various dating methods, including carbon 14, paleographic and scribal, the Dead Sea Scrolls were written during the period from about 200 B.C. to 68 A.D. Many crucial biblical manuscripts (such as Psalm 22, Isaiah 53 and Isaiah 61) date to at least 100 B.C. As such, the Dead Sea Scrolls have revolutionized textual criticism of the Old Testament. Phenomenally, we find the biblical texts in substantial agreement with the Masoretic text, as well as variant translations of the Old Testament used today. 
 

Dead Sea Scrolls: Dramatic Evidence for the Reliability of Messianic Prophecy
The Dead Sea Scrolls comprise the oldest group of Old Testament manuscripts ever found, dating back to 100--200 B.C. This is dramatic, because we now have absolute evidence that Messianic prophecies contained in today’s Old Testament (both Jewish and Christian) are the same Messianic prophecies that existed prior to the time Jesus walked on this earth. It goes without saying, manuscript reliability and textual criticism have taken cosmic steps forward! Check it out – There is no question that Jesus Christ was the Messiah that the Jews were waiting for!

Dead Sea Scrolls - The Book of Isaiah
Over 200 fragments from the Dead Sea Scrolls are housed at the Shrine of the Book Museum in Jerusalem. Remarkably, the only fully intact scroll displayed at the Shrine of the Book is the "Great Isaiah Scroll" (1Qls-a), which contains the entire book of Isaiah that we read today -- all 66 chapters! A number of scholars, from a number of religions and professional disciplines, have analyzed this major find.

The Great Isaiah Scroll was discovered in Cave 1 in 1947. It was identified as the Biblical Book of Isaiah in 1948, and purchased by the Syrian Orthodox Church at that time. Israel reacquired the Great Isaiah Scroll in 1954 to study it and preserve it as a national treasure. It has been displayed as the centerpiece exhibit at the Shrine of the Book museum since 1965. A second partial Isaiah scroll (1Qls-b) was also discovered in Cave 1 in 1947. Since that time, approximately 17 other fragments of Isaiah scripture have been discovered in other caves at Qumran.

As far as dating, it appears that pieces of the Great Isaiah Scroll (1Qls-a) have been carbon-14 dated at least four times, including a study at the University of Arizona in 1995 and a study at ETH-zurich in 1990-91. The four studies produced calibrated date ranges between 335-324 BC and 202-107 BC. There have also been numerous paleographic and scribal dating studies conducted that place 1Qls-a at a date range of approximately 150-100 BC. (See Price, Secrets of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 1996; Eisenman & Wise, The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered, 1994; Golb, Who Wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls?, 1995; Wise, Abegg & Cook, The Dead Sea Scrolls, A New Translation, 1999.) 

Dead Sea Scrolls - Isaiah 53
The Dead Sea Scrolls have provided phenomenal evidence for the credibility of biblical scripture. Specifically, the nearly intact Great Isaiah Scroll is almost identical to the most recent manuscript version of the Masoretic text from the 900's AD. (Scholars have discovered a handful of spelling and tense-oriented scribal errors, but nothing of significance.) In light of Isaiah's rich Messianic prophecy, we thought it would be rewarding to reproduce a portion of the English translation of the actual Hebrew text found in the Great Isaiah Scroll. Specifically, the following corresponds to Isaiah 53 in today's Old Testament. Remember, this text was dated 100 to 335 years before the birth of Jesus Christ!

Translation of the actual Great Isaiah Scroll (Isaiah 53), beginning with line 5 of Column 44:

5. Who has believed our report and the arm of YHWH to whom has it been revealed And he shall come up like a suckling before him
6. and as a root from dry ground there is no form to him and no beauty [+to him+] and in his being seen and there is no appearance
7. that we should desire him. He is despised and rejected of men, a man of sorrows and knowing grief
8. and as though hiding faces from him he was despised and we did not esteem him. Surely our griefs he
9. is bearing and our sorrows he carried them and we esteemed him beaten and struck by God
10. and afflicted. and he is wounded for our transgressions, and crushed for our iniquities, the correction
11. of our peace was upon him and by his wounds he has healed us. All of us like sheep have wandered each man to his own way
12. we have turned and YHWH has caused to light on him the iniquity of all of us He was oppressed and he was afflicted and he did not
13. open his mouth, as a lamb to the slaughter he is brought and as a ewe before her shearers is made dumb he did not open
14. his mouth. From prison and from judgment he was taken and his generation who shall discuss it because he was cut off from the land of
15. the living. Because from the transgressions of his people a wound was to him
16. And they gave wicked ones to be his grave and [a scribbled word probably accusative sign "eth"] rich ones in his death
17. although he worked no violence neither deceit in his mouth And YHWH was pleased to crush him and He has caused him grief.
18. If you will appoint his soul a sin offering he will see his seed and he will lengthen his days and the pleasure of YHWH
19. in his hand will advance. Of the toil of his soul he shall see {+light+} and he shall be satisfied and by his knowledge shall he make righteous
20. even my righteous servant for many and their iniquities he will bear. Therefore I will apportion to him among the great ones
21. and with the mighty ones he shall divide the spoil because he laid bare to death his soul and with the transgressors
22. he was numbered, and he, the sins of many, he bore, and for their transgressions he entreated.

Dead Sea Scrolls - The Comparison to Today's Biblical Text
The Dead Sea Scrolls are a powerful tool for answering textual critics of biblical scripture. Even though the first scrolls were discovered in 1947, it was only recently that much of the research and many of the translations were released to the public. Here's Isaiah 53 from the King James Version of the Bible, which was translated from the Masoretic text of the Hebrew scripture. Compare it to the portion of the Great Isaiah Scroll reproduced on the prior page - it's dramatic!

Isaiah 53 in the King James Version of the Holy Bible:

1 Who hath believed our report? and to whom is the arm of the LORD revealed?
2 For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground: he hath no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him.
3 He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not.
4 Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted.
5 But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed.
6 All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.
7 He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth.
8 He was taken from prison and from judgment: and who shall declare his generation? for he was cut off out of the land of the living: for the transgression of my people was he stricken.
9 And he made his grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death; because he had done no violence, neither was any deceit in his mouth.
10 Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand.
11 He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities.
12 Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors.

Dead Sea Scrolls - A Remarkable Time in History
The Dead Sea Scrolls sat untouched in a perfect, arid environment for approximately 2,000 years. In 1947, a Bedouin shepherd stumbles upon arguably the most important archaeological find in history, and then, one year later, the Jewish people return to their homeland as a formal nation for the first time since 70 AD. As prophetic events in the Middle East appear to be accelerating, it's remarkable to read prior Messianic prophecy with absolute assurance like no other time in history. We now have utmost confidence that the Old Testament (Jewish Tanakh) that we read today is the same as existed in 100 to 200 BC. This means that the over 300 Old Testament prophecies of the coming Messiah preexisted the birth of Jesus Christ. It's up to each of us to determine what to do with this reality!

Unexplained Nazca (Nasca) Lines

The high desert of Peru holds one of the most mystifying monuments of the known world—the massive-scale geoglyphs known as the Nazca Lines.  Ranging from geometric patterns to “drawings” of different animals and stylized human-like forms. The ancient lines can only be truly taken in, their forms discerned, from high in the air, leaving generations mystified as to how these precise works could’ve been completed long before the documented invention of human flight. Who built them and what was their purpose? Are the lines signs left by an alien race? Ancient “crop circles”?  Landing strips for alien gods/astronauts?  Relics of a ancient people far more advanced—capable of human flight—then previously imagined? Or perhaps a giant astronomical calendar? 
 
The high desert of Peru holds one of the most mystifying monuments of the known world—the massive-scale geoglyphs known as the Nazca Lines.  Ranging from geometric patterns to “drawings” of different animals and stylized human-like forms. The ancient lines can only be truly taken in, their forms discerned, from high in the air, leaving generations mystified as to how these precise works could’ve been completed long before the documented invention of human flight. Who built them and what was their purpose? Are the lines signs left by an alien race? Ancient “crop circles”?  Landing strips for alien gods/astronauts?  Relics of a ancient people far more advanced—capable of human flight—then previously imagined? Or perhaps a giant astronomical calendar? 


Nazca Lines – Description

The Nasca Lines are located in the Pampa region of Peru. The desolate plain of the Peruvian coast which comprises the Pampas of San Jose (Jumana), Socos, El Ingenio and others in the province of Nasca, which is 400 Km. South of Lima, covers an area of approximately 450 square km, of sandy desert as well as the slopes of the contours of the Andes.
 
The Lines were first spotted when commercial airlines began flying across the Peruvian desert in the 1920′s. Passengers reported seeing ‘primitive landing strips’ on the ground below. No one knew who had built them or indeed why. Since their discovery, the Nasca Lines have inspired fantastic explanations.
 
Nazca LinesThe Nazca plain is virtually unique for its ability to preserve the markings upon it, due to the combination of the climate (one of the driest on Earth, with only twenty minutes of rainfall per year) and the flat, stony ground which minimises the effect of the wind at ground level. With no dust or sand to cover the plain, and little rain or wind to erode it, lines drawn here tend to stay drawn. These factors, combined with the existence of a lighter-coloured subsoil beneath the desert crust, provide a vast writing pad that is ideally suited to the artist who wants to leave his mark for eternity.
 
The pebbles which cover the surface of the desert contain ferrous oxide. The exposure of centuries has given them a dark patina. When the gravel is removed, they contrast with the color underneath. In this way the lines were drawn as furrows of a lighter color, even though in some cases they became prints. In other cases, the stones defining the lines and drawings form small lateral humps of different sizes. Some drawings, especially the early ones, were made by removing the stones and gravel from their contours and in this way the figures stood out in high relief.
 
Nazca LinesThe concentration and juxtaposition of the lines and drawings leave no doubt that they required intensive long-term labor as is demonstrated by the stylistic continuity of the designs, which clearly correspond to the different stages of cultural changes.
There appear to be two kinds of designs: the first are figures of various beings and things and the others form geometric lines. The former consists of figures of animals, plants, objects, such as anthropomorphic figures of colossal proportions made with well-defined lines. Of these figures which have been restored by Maria Reiche and other collaborators about 70 are known.
 
Nazca LinesThere are also drawings of flowers and plants, as well as representations of deformed animals and other strange figures. An example of this is the drawing of a weird being with two enormous hands, one normal and the other with only four fingers. Also represented are drawings of man-made objects such as yarn, looms and “tupus” (ornamental clasps). All these figures have well-defined entrances which could be used as paths or to allow people to line together along the conformations of the drawings.
 
The anthropomorphic figures are relatively few and are situated on the slopes. The most well-known being The Astronaut at 32m length and E.T., discovered by Eduardo Herran in 1982. Others are The Man with a Hat and The Executioner and they also appear to be the most primitive. These figures are very similar to the small petroglyphs found in the rocky areas of the region.
 
In terms of the lines, many kilometers long, they crisscross sectors of the pampas in all directions. Many of the lines form geometric figures: angles, triangles, bunches, spirals, rectangles, wavy lines, etc. Other lines form concentric circles converging with or emanating from a promontory. Other prints have formed “roads” like geometric planes and appear to have been occupied by large groups of the population. Many of the lines are random and seem to have no pattern to them. They are seen over the scattered seemingly at random over the desolate plain, crossing and intersecting for no apparent reason.

Explore Nazca Lines with Google Earth

If you have Google Earth installed, use this Nazca Google Earth Placemark file (Save and Open) and it will fly you to a location*.  If not, you will need to install Google Earth first (available at http://earth.google.com ).
Google Earth streams the world over wired and wireless networks enabling users to virtually go anywhere on the planet and see places in photographic detail. This is not like any map you have ever seen. This is a 3D model of the real world, based on real satellite images combined with maps, guides to restaurants, hotels, entertainment, businesses and more. You can zoom from space to street level instantly and then pan or jump from place to place, city to city, even country to country.
These large (hundreds of meters) “landing strips” seem to be much older than glyphs (based on signs of erosion). There is no acceptable explanation so far… Click on images below to see full screen photos.
Nazca Lines
Nazca Lines
Nazca Lines

The Nazca Lines Theories



Here are theories proposed by various writers and scientists.


Astronomical Mayan influence in Nazca?
Gilbert de Jong noticed that sites of Izapa (14.8 N) and Nasca (Cahuachi) 14.8 S might be related and exhibit Mayan influence.
In fact there is an account of the landing of strange men, possibly priests (because there were no women among them so they didn’t plan to establish themselves), near Puerto Viejo (Ecuador).  According to this legend these strangers/giants founded a site that, because of the cisterns, matches the places of the Ica-Nasca region.
According to Dr. Malmstrom, the Mayan astronomers traveled north to find the place ‘where the sun stood stil’ (Chalchihuites or Alta Vista, near Tropic of Cancer, founded about 500 AD).
Would it be a strange thing to assume they also traveled south?
Perhaps in earlier times…
If they did, they first would have noticed the equator and find that the the sun traveled in both directions the same amount of days. When they realized this, they must have concluded that there must be a place, like Izapa, where the calendar of 260 days could also be used.
So the Maya astronomers traveled to the south and found a place 14.8° S: Cahuachi/Nasca.  
 
This place worked out to be an excellent (mirror) place of Izapa.
Both Gerald Hawkins, an astronomer, and Maria Reiche were not aware of this strange 14.8° coincidence.
 
The simple truth might be that Mayan astronomers ‘created’ Nasca.
August 13 (1359 BC) is a date that marked the sacred Mayan calendar.
Could it be so that, when they discovered that Nasca was an excellent place to take long time measures, they discovered the secret of the Venus risings and settings? Could it be so that they could ‘Turn back time’ and find the position of planets and stars around 1,359 BC? Is that what the Nasca lines were about?
The three Nasca circles (GGF drawing) measured by Gilbert de Jong several years ago might refer to a sacred date. Wouldn’t it be great? Mayans? This might be the answer on what Nasca really is: astronomical Mayan influence.
Here is a story from the book of chronicler and Inca Garcilaso de La Vega.
Also skeletons of whales of been found near Nasca. How things can get mixed up in time…
 
Erich von Däniken – Cargo-Cult
Erich von Däniken’s theory is the most famous approach to solve the mystery of Nazca. He had the idea that long time ago visitors from other stars visited the earth and naturally Nazca. At this place they landed, during the landing stones was blown away by the power of rocket propulsion. By approaching more the power was increasing and the cleaned band broader. In this way the first trapezes emerged. Later the Aliens disappeared and left confused people. Like in the modern cargo cults they tried to call the Gods back by drawing lines, figures and trapezes. Never Däniken said the formations was made by Aliens. He discovered the GGF/Mandala/Zodiac and the mirror – Formation and compares them with modern VASIS or PAPI-Signs. Visit his website.
 
Alan F. Alford – Negroid Slaves
This theory means the Nazca-Lines was made by Negroid Slaves of the Tihuanaco Culture. After a revolution the Negroid population destroyed some figure, this is the explanation for overdrawn zigzag-formations. Later this people went in northern direction and founded Chavin and the Olmec culture.
 
Robert Bast – A memory of the Deluge
Robert Bast from Australia has a very interesting theory. All these animal, plant and human-shaped figures are lying together on the ground. So it could be a memorial place of the big flood. Many cultures of our world know deluge-myths, you can find a couple of them at his Side. Or visit directly the URL of his Nazca-Theory.
 
Gilbert de Jong – A nazcan Zodiac
Gilbert de Jong was himself in Nazca and measured the GGF by GPS. He obtained a length of the square side of about 54,7 Meter. In the formation he recognized a Zodiac.
 
Robin Edgar – Solar Eclipses
Robin Edgar from Canada proposes that the Nazca-Figures were inspired by, and intended to be seen by, the (so-called) “Eye of God” that is manifested during total solar eclipses. An extraordinary series of solar eclipses coincided with the construction of the Nazca lines. Some Lines are aligned with the winter solstice, a less spectacular but more regular, “death” and “rebirth” of the Sun God.
 
Maria Reiche – Astronomical Theory
Maria Reiche, the most famous Nazca-Researcher, prefer the astronomical theory. Lines should show in direction of the rising of important stars and planetary events like sun solstices. Formations like the spider and the monkey could show star constellations like Orion and Ursa Mayor.
The big problem of all astronomical theories is the unknowing of the age. The direction of stars is changing within centuries because the phenomena of precession.
 
Reiche has led a determined effort to discredit the von Daniken theory of extraterrestrials. The strategy of this attack has been to argue that the Nazca Indians constructed the Lines relatively recently – some time between 300 BC and AD 800. In support of this possibility, some scientists have put forward ingenious ideas on how the geoglyphs could theoretically have been designed from the ground. The more important evidence, however, is that which attempts to link the Lines definitively to the Nazcan culture. Here, neither of the two key pieces of evidence survive close scrutiny.
 
The first piece of evidence is a series of radiocarbon dates, based on ceramic and wood remains which were left at the Lines by the Nazcan people. It is claimed that this proves that the Nazcans constructed the Lines. On the contrary, the dating of these materials tells us only that the Nazcans lived in the area of the Lines. Since the Lines themselves cannot be radiocarbon dated, the possibility remains that they already existed when the Nazcan culture emerged.
 
The second piece of evidence is the alleged resemblance of the Nazca geoglyphs to certain features found on Nazcan pottery. This is an important issue because it potentially offers proof that the Nazcans had either designed the images or at least viewed them from the air.
Maria has her theories but no conclusive proof as to their construction.
In 1968, a study by the National Geographic Society determined that, whilst some of the Nazca lines did point to the positions of the Sun, Moon and certain stars two thousand years ago, it was no more than could be expected by mere chance. In 1973, Dr Gerald Hawkins studied 186 lines with a computer programme and found that only 20 per cent had any astronomical orientation – again no more than by pure chance. In 1982, Anthony Aveni obtained similar results, whilst in 1980, Georg Petersen pointed out that Reiche’s theory did not explain the different lengths and widths of the lines. More recently, Johan Reinhard has noted that the surrounding mountains provided a ready-made and much more effective mechanism for the Nazcans to use as a solar calendar; the lines would thus have been quite superfluous to them. In addition to this avalanche of scientific opinion, we should also note that Reiche, like von Daniken, has failed to explain the significance of the animal geoglyphs.
 
Maria Reiche, the German mathematician and archaeologist most famous for her research into the enigmatic figures of Nazca, died in 1998 at the age of 95. She is buried in the arid valley she loved so well.
 
Simone Waisbard – Astronomical Calendar
Simone Waisbard writes that the drawing of Nazca are a giant astronomical calendar. Further the Nazca-line-system was used to measure the precipitation value. Figures, especially seabirds, have a connection to the meteorological prophecy system of the Nazca-Culture. Her ideas for the trapezoid formations: places for holy animals before sacrifice them, or field claims connected with filter galleries, observatories or places for ritual ceremonies of the different clans.
 
Professor Gerald Hawkins – No astronomical context
Hawkins and his group went to Nazca to prove the astronomical Theory of Maria Reiche. The made new and precise survey and analyzed the course of important stars by using new computer software. This Software included the star positions of the last 6900 years. After weeks of work they had very disappointed to say: We didn’t find any astronomical context.
 
Jim Woodmann – The Balloon Theory
Jim Woodmann made a experiment in Thor Heyerdahl’s way. He let make a balloon of fine Peruvian cotton, and a basket made by Aymara-Indians. This flying object was called condor. Hot air from a fire was brought into the balloon, and really, the balloon flied away after the two pilots was escaped. So Woodmann had a new theory, they used black balloons to bury their kings.
 
Prof. Anthony Aveni – Water-Cult
Anthony Aveni isn’t a friend of the astronomical theory of Maria Reiche. He compares the Nazca-lines with the ceque-lines in Cuzco. Those lines will brought in connection with calendar, water and mountain deities. So he’s the idea there’s a connection between the Nazca-lines and the subterranean canalization system. In this way the Nazca-Indians celebrated a water-cult. Figures and lines was used for ceremonial dances.
 
Michael Coe – Ceremonial Places
Michael Coe believes the Lines are sacred paths to walk by specific rites. But primary the lines was a offering for elders, heaven- and mountain-deities who spent water for fields.
Siegfried Waxmann – Culture atlas
Siegfried Waxmann recognized a culture atlas of the human history in the Nazca-line-system.
Professor Frederico Kauffmann-Doig – magic lines
The famous Archaeologist has the theory, that the lines of Nazca are magic lines which origin from the cat cult in Chavin de Huantar.
Georg A. von Breunig – Sport stadion
Breunig has the idea that Nazca was used for sprinting to honor especial gods or ritual competitions. This theory was supported by the famous professor Hoimar von Ditfurth.
Markus Reindel / David Johnson – Water Cult and Dowsing
David Johnson believes that the Nazca-Figures are markers for subteran waterflow. Trapezoides show the broadness of the waterstream, zigzaglines show where they end, lines show into direction of the puquitos. Reindel sympatizes with Johnsons Theory, additionally he explain the nature of the figures by rod-dowsing (to find the subterran water) and shamanstic flights (to overview the figures).
 
Wolf-Galicki – Signals from Extraterrestrial Beings
The Canadian Galicki recognize in the Nazca-System doubtless signals of a extraterrestrial race. Only using this point of view the big planing and work performance is plausible.
 
Hermann E. Bossi – The Nazca-Code
Bossi’s theory bases on a formation called the GGF, Mandala or Zodiac that was discovered by Erich von Däniken 1995. This formation include a plenty of different combination possibilities and include information about the Star HD 42807 at different times and it’s planet. Other formations like the monkey seems to be of this code too. The same code is to find in other places like Stonehenge, Avebury and Borobudur, but also by Crop Circles.
 
The Code of Carl Munck: The Ancient Geomatria of Numbers
The ancient sites around the world are very precisely positioned on a global coordinate system in relation to the position of the Great Pyramid at Giza. The positions of the sites are given in the geometry of their construction. A very ancient system of numbers was used in the system, which we will call “Gematria.” Gematrian” numbers are found in ancient myths and religions, including the Bible. Gematrian numbers were used in systems of weights and measures by ancient peoples, including the Greeks, the Egyptians, the Persians, the Babylonians and the Romans.
 
The Code system uses mathematical constants, such as pi and the radian. The system also uses conventions that are still in use, such as the 360 degree circle, 60 minute degree, 60 second minute, the base-ten numbering system, the 12-inch foot, and the 5280-foot mile.
The ancient Mayans used Gematrian numbers in their very accurate timekeeping.
The Nazca Line ground markings “locate themselves” on The Code Matrix System.
For more detailes visit Carl Munck’s website  Nazca Lines and Archaeocryptography.
 
Professor Helmut Tributsch – Fata Morgana
Tributsch has the idea that important cult places like Stonehenge, the Pyramids and naturally Nazca were built on places where often the Fata Morgana – Phenomena occurs. In this way People could see the Fata Morgana of the Nazca-Lines.
 
Jiri Mruzek – The Seal of Atlantis
Jiri Murzek has another solution to Nazca Lines, and Figures. It is a very complete solution of the monkey’s figure. It involves geometrical code, which speaks of specific aspects of analytical geometry. This code coincides with the code of prehistorical La Marche, France.
 
John D. Miller – 177 Feet
John D. Miller analyzes different buildings worldwide. So he found in ancient buildings and old cathedrals often the value of 177 Feet. His theories are based on several holy numbers and units, so he believes that there is a deeper importance within.
 
Thomas Wick – A plan of a Cathedral
He’s a private researcher of ancient mysteries. When he saw the figure of the GGF, he recognized the ground principals of a cathedral.
 
Bray Warwick – The Age of the Nazca-Lines
In the heat stones perform a patina of manganese oxide, traces of iron and clay minerals. Below the stone advanced mushrooms, lichens and cyanobacterias. Such stones in neighborhood to the lines could be used to analyze the organic matter by C-14-Method. The idea is those stones was turned during the line-drawing. In this way values between 190 B.C. and 600 A.D. could be found. How many stones was analyzed? Only nine pieces!
Professor Henri Stierlin – loom
Stierlin thinks the Nazca-Indians used the line-system as loom. In the paracas-culture was made textiles witch was made of one string. But the Indians hadn’t wheels and looms, so they organized hundreds of men who held the string. Their position was defined by the lines.
Dr. Zoltan Zelko – Map
The Hungarian mathematician Dr. Zoltan Zelko analyzed the Nazca-line-system and compared with other ancient places in Peru. So he found out that Nazca could be a map of a 100 x 800 kilometer including region around the Titicaca-Lake.
Evan Hadingham – Hallucinogens
 
Evan Hadingham’s proposal to solve the Nazca-Mystery is the use of powerful plant hallucinogens like Psilocybine. In this way they made shaman flights and saw the formations at the area. The reason behind the lines are mountain-deities.
 
Prof. Helaine Siverman – Clan Signs
Helaine Siverman, the co-author of Anthony Aveni has additional the idea that the figures are clan signs of different Indian clans in the region of Nazca.
 
Prof. Dr. Aldon Mason – Signs for Gods
The main interest of Mason are the tombs and the deformation of skulls of the Nazca-Culture. About the lines his comment is: Signs for Gods in the Sky.
 
Albrecht Kottmann – Writing system
Albrecht Kottmann tried another approach to the Nazca-Mystery. He divided the figures into different parts and analyzed them in a geometrical way. So he divided a bird of 286 Meter length into 22 Parts. So he found that the head takes two parts, the neck five parts, the body three parts and the other twelve parts for the beak. The proportion between the beak and the rest is 6:5. Kottmann believes the geometric signs are a picture writing system with giant and small letters.
 
William H. Isbell – provision of work
He’s the theory that the kings of Nazca ordered the drawing of the nazca lines to control the population. When they did work they couldn’t make children at the same time. Why this? Isbell has the idea the Nazca-Indians wasn’t able to store field fruits, so in good years the population were increasing to strong.

Flesh Eating Giants in Peru by Garcilaso de la Vega – El Inca!!

From the “Royal Commentaties of the Incas”, volume I, chapter XI
BEFORE leaving this region, we should mention a very remarkable story which the natives have received as a tradition handed down by their ancestors for many centuries. It refers to some giants who they say arrived in their country from over the sea and landed at the point now called Santa Elena, a name given to it because it was first seen by Spaniards on this saint’s day. As Pedro de Cieza de León is the Spanish historian who speaks of these giants at greatest length, having received his version in the very province which the giants visited, it seemed best I should follow his account word for word, for although Padre J. Acosta and the accountant general Agustín de Zárate say the same, their version is very brief. Pedro de Cieza’s fuller account in his ch. Iii is as follows:
 
“As there is in Peru a story of some giants who landed on the coast at the point of Santa Elena, in the vicinity of the city of Puerto Viejo, I have resolved to mention what I was told about them, as I understood it, without taking into account the opinions of the common people and their various anecdotes, for they usually magnify events larger than life. The natives, repeating a story received from their forefathers from very remote times, say that there came from across the sea on reed rafts that were as large as big ships some men that were so big that an ordinary man of good size scarcely reached up to knees: their members were in proportion to the size of their bodies, and it a monstrous thing to see their enormous heads and their hair hanging dawn about their shoulders. Their eyes were as large as small plates. They say they had no beards and that some of them were clad in the skins of animals, and others only in the dress nature gave them. There were no women with them. On reaching this point, they set up their camp like a village (and even in these times there is a memory of the site of their houses). As they found no supply of water they remedied the lack by making some very deep wells, a labor certainly worthy of record, being undertaken by such strong men as these must have been, to judge by their size. They dug these wells in the living rock until they came to the water, and afterwards they built the wells in stone from the water line upwards so that they would last for ages. In these wells the water is excellent and it is always so cold that it is very pleasant to drink.
 
“When these great men or giants had thus made their settlement and dug these wells or cisterns, they destroyed and ate all the supplies they could find in the neighborhood. It is said that one of them ate more than fifty of the natives of the land; and as the supply of food was not sufficient for them to maintain themselves, they caught much fish with nets and gear that they had. They lived in continuous hostility with the natives, because they slew the latter’s women in order to have them, and they also slew the men for other reasons. But the Indians were not numerous enough to kill these newcomers who occupied their land and lorded it over them; and although they held great discussions about this, they never dared attack them.
 
“After some years the giants were still in this region, and as they had no women of their own and the Indian women of the neighborhood were too small for them, or else because the vice was habitual to them and inspired by the demon, they practised the unspeakable and horrible sin of sodomy, committing it openly and in public without fear of God or personal shame. The natives say that our Lord God, unwilling to conceal so wicked a sin, sent them a punishment suited to the beastliness of the crime, and when all the giants were together engaged in this accursed practice there came a fearful fire from heaven to the accompaniment of a great noise, in the midst of which a shining angel appeared holding a sharp, bright sword with which he slew them all at a single stroke, and the fire consumed them leaving only a few bones and skulls, which God allowed to remain unconsumed as a token of the punishment. This is the account they give of the giants, and we believe that it happened, for it is said that very large bones have been found and still are found thereabouts and I have heard Spaniards say they have seen pieces of teeth which they thought must have weighed half a pound when whole, and who had also seen a piece of a shin-bone of wonderful size, all of which bears witness to the truth of the incident. In addition to this one can see the places where the sites of their villages were, and also the wells or cisterns they made. I cannot state whence or how these giants came there.
 
“In the present year of 1550 when in the city of Lima, I heard that when his excellency Don Antonio de Mendoza was viceroy and governor of New Spain, certain bones of men as big as these giants, and even bigger, were found there. I have heard too that in an ancient sepulcher in the city of Mexico or somewhere else in that kingdom certain bones of giants have been found. Since so many people saw them and attest having done so, it can therefore be credited that such giants did exist and indeed they may all have been of the same race.
 
“At this point of Santa Elena, which is as I have said on the coast of Peru and in the district of the city of Puerto Viejo, there is a remarkable phenomenon: the existence of certain wells or seams of pitch of such excellent quality that it would be possible to tar all the ships one wished with it, since it flows from the earth. This pitch must be from some seam passing through that place: it comes out very hot,etc.
“Thus far Pedro de Cieza, whose history we have followed to show the Indian tradition about the giants, and the well of pitch at the same place, for it too is remarkable.”

Crystal Skulls

Many skeptics feel that the crystal skulls are probably of a much more recent vintage than their accompanying stories suggest. This, they believe, is the best way to explain their existence, since no one could have created them without technologies available only within the past century.

Skulls are humanity’s foremost symbol of death, and a powerful icon in the visual vocabularies of cultures all over the globe. Thirteen crystal skulls of apparently ancient origin have been found in parts of Mexico, Central America and South America, comprising one of the most fascinating subjects of 20th Century archaeology.

These skulls, found near the ancient ruins of Mayan and Aztec civilizations (with some evidence linking the skulls with past civilization in Peru) are a mystery as profound as the Pyramids of Egypt, the Nazca Lines of Peru, or Stonehenge. Some of the skulls are believed to be between 5,000 and 36,000 years old.

Many indigenous people speak of their remarkable magical and healing properties, but nobody really knows where they came from or what they were used for.
Were they left behind after the destruction of a previous world, such as Atlantis? Are they simply ingenious modern fakes or can they really enable us to see deeply into the past and predict the future?
Much research is currently being done on the skulls. However, their origin is still a baffling mystery. They seem to defy logic. Everything that is known about lapidary work indicates that the skulls should have been shattered fractured, or fallen apart when carved.
 
An old Native American legend tells of thirteen life-size crystal skulls, which are said to hold crucial information about humankind’s true purpose and future destiny. The skulls would be discovered and their secrets revealed when the human race was sufficiently developed. The authors hear of this legend while in the jungles of Belize and set out on a quest to discover its truth. “The Mystery of the Crystal Skulls” follows their journey from Maya temples to the British Museum, the Smithsonian, and to the crystal laboratories of Hewlett-Packard, where tests lead one scientist to conclude, “This {crystal} skull should not even exist.” In the end, shamans and native elders reveal the sacred knowledge the skulls contain and answer the questions this enduring mystery raises: Are the skulls artifacts from the lost civilization of Atlantis, or are they extraterrestrial in origin?
Made from piezo-electric quartz crystal, used in today’s computers, are the skulls information storage devices?
Do they really posses telepathic qualities, allowing us to see deep into the past and predict the future?
What is the message they bring about future earth changes and the destiny of humanity?

Famous Crystal Skulls

This report examines the known history of crystal skulls, various viewpoints on where they might have came from, and the secrets they may reveal.
 
The Mitchell-Hedges Crystal Skull
The most widely celebrated and mysterious crystal skull is the Mitchell-Hedges Skull, for at least two good reasons. First, it is very similar in form to an actual human skull, even featuring a fitted removable jawbone. Most known crystal skulls are of a more stylized structure, often with unrealistic features and teeth that are simply etched onto a single skull piece.
Second, it is impossible to say how the Mitchell-Hedges skull was constructed. From a technical standpoint, it appears to be an impossible object which today’s most talented sculptors and engineers would be unable to duplicate.
The discovery of this baffling artifact is a controversial matter. It was brought into prominence by British explorer F. A. Mitchell-Hedges, who claimed that his daughter unearthed it in 1924. Mitchell-Hedges led an expedition in the ancient Mayan ruins of Lubaantun, in Belize (then British Honduras), searching for evidence of Atlantis.
 
The story goes that his daughter, Anna, was rummaging inside a structure believed to have once been a temple, when she found the beautifully carved cranium of the crystal skull. It was lacking its jawbone, but the matching mandible was found three months later, some 25 feet away from the first discovery. Mitchell-Hedges claimed that he refused to take the skull away, and offered it to the local priests, but the Mayans gave the skull back to him as a gift upon his departure.
 
It now appears that this tale of the skull’s discovery was entirely fabricated. Mitchell-Hedges apparently purchased the skull at an auction at Sothebys in London, in 1943. This has been verified by documents at the British Museum, which had bid against Mitchell-Hedges for the crystal artifact.
This revelation is consistent with the known history of Mitchell-Hedges’s involvement with the skull. There are no photographs of the skull among those that were taken during his Lubaatun expedition, and there is no documentation of Mitchell-Hedges displaying or even acknowledging the skull prior to 1943.
 
The skull remains in the possession of the octogenarian Anna Mitchell-Hedges. She resides in Canada and displays the skull on frequent tours. Anna has maintained for all these years that she discovered the skull, even though there is reason to doubt that she was present at the Lubaatun expedition at all.
 
The Mitchell-Hedges skull is made of clear quartz crystal, and both cranium and mandible are believed to have come from the same solid block. It weighs 11.7 pounds and is about five inches high, five inches wide, and seven inches long. Except for slight anomalies in the temples and cheekbones, it is a virtually anatomically correct replica of a human skull. Because of its small size and other characteristics, it is thought more closely to resemble a female skull — and this has led some to refer to the Mitchell-Hedges skull as a “she.”
The Mitchell-Hedges family loaned the skull to Hewlett-Packard Laboratories for extensive study in 1970. Art restorer Frank Dorland oversaw the testing at the Santa Clara, California, computer equipment manufacturer, a leading facility for crystal research. The HP examinations yielded some startling results.
 
Researchers found that the skull had been carved against the natural axis of the crystal. Modern crystal sculptors always take into account the axis, or orientation of the crystal’s molecular symmetry, because if they carve “against the grain,” the piece is bound to shatter — even with the use of lasers and other high-tech cutting methods.
 
To compound the strangeness, HP could find no microscopic scratches on the crystal which would indicate it had been carved with metal instruments. Dorland’s best hypothesis for the skull’s construction is that it was roughly hewn out with diamonds, and then the detail work was meticulously done with a gentle solution of silicon sand and water. The exhausting job — assuming it could possibly be done in this way — would have required man-hours adding up to 300 years to complete.
Under these circumstances, experts believe that successfully crafting a shape as complex as the Mitchell-Hedges skull is impossible; as one HP researcher is said to have remarked, “The damned thing simply shouldn’t be.”

The Shroud of Turin

The Shroud of Turin is reputedly Christ’s burial cloth. It has been a religious relic since the Middle Ages. To believers it was divine proof the Christ was resurrected from the grave, to doubters it was evidence of human gullibility and one of the greatest hoaxes in the history of art. No one has been able to prove that it is the burial cloth of Jesus of Nazareth, but its haunting image of a man’s wounded body is proof enough for true believers. The shroud is wrapped in red silk and kept in a silver chest in the Chapel of the Holy Shroud in the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist in Turin, Italy since 1578. The shroud is unquestionably old. Its history is known from the year 1357, when it surfaced in the tiny village of Lirey, France. Until recent reports from San Antonio, most of the scientific world accepted the findings of carbon dating carried out in 1988.  The results said the shroud dated back to 1260-1390, and thus is much too new to be Jesus’ burial linen.
Shroud of Turin 
This sixteenth-century painting by Giovanni Battista shows how the body could have been  wrapped in a burial shroud in a position that would match the image on the Shroud of Turin
The Shroud of Turin, as seen by the naked eye, is a negative image of a man with his hands folded. The linen is 14 feet, 3 inches long and 3 feet, 7 inches wide. The shroud bears the image of a man with wounds similar to those suffered by Jesus.

Shroud of TurinShroud of Turin
The section of the shroud showing the face reveals dramatic features
when viewed as negative image (click on the right image to enlarge).
Shroud of Turin 
Three-dimensional relief of the Shroud face after smoothing of rough transitions
with a recursive filter.The computer showed us what the face of Jesus Christ probably
looked like before the Passion or after Resurrection, through an electronic cleaning
of the blood and wounds which provides the almost natural images of the face
Source: http://www.shroud.com/meacham2.htm
 
This frontal image (above) shows the forearms, wrist, and hands. There appears to be a large puncture wound on the wrist. This is significant because if nails were placed through the palms of the hand, this would not provide sufficient support to hold the body to the cross and tearing of the hands would occur. Only if the nails were placed through the wrists would this provide sufficient support to hold the body fixed to the cross.
Shroud of Turin 
We can also see a large blood stain and elliptical wound on the person’s right side (remember, in a negative imprint left and right are reversed). From studying the size and shape of this wound and historical records, we can deduce that this wound could have been caused by a Roman Lancea. This lance is pictured in Slide 13.  In addition, by measuring the angle of dried blood on the wrist, one can reconstruct the angle at which this person hung from the cross. He mainly hung from a position 65 degrees from the horizontal.  But there is another angle of dried blood at 55 degrees. This shows that this person tried to lift himself up by 10 degrees. Why? Medical studies show that if a person just hangs from a position of 65 degrees in would start to suffocate very quickly. Only if he could lift himself up by about 10 degrees would he be able to breathe.  Thus he would have to raise himself up by this 10 degrees by pushing down on his feet which would have to have been fixed to the cross. He would then become exhausted and fall down again to the 65 degree position. Thus, he would continue to shift from these two agonizing positions throughout crucifixion.  That is why the executioners of crucifixion would break the legs of their victims to speed up death.
If they could not lift themselves up to breathe, they would suffocate very quickly.

Image Formation Theories

© Dr. John DeSalvo

The Painting Theory

One theory is simply that the Shroud is a painting . It has been proposed that it was painted using iron oxide in an animal protein binder. The STURP scientists have concluded from their studies that no paints, pigments, dyes or stains have been found to make up the visible image. Small amounts of iron oxide have been found on the Shroud but the iron oxide is evenly distributed all over the Shroud. If it were painted using iron oxide you would expect its concentration to be greater in the image areas verses the non-image areas. This is not the case but the iron oxide is evenly distributed all over the Shroud. Thus it is probably a containment caused by the presence of the Shroud in artists studios throughout history who were copying it. It is also possible that the copies may have been touched to the Shroud to transfer its sacredness and this contaminated the Shroud with iron oxide.
Also no painter has been able to reproduce all the different qualities and characteristics of the Shroud. That is, its negativity, 3D effect, no brush strokes or directionality, perfect anatomical details from blood stains, scourging, etc. and the image is a surface phenomena, that is the image only penetrates about 1/500 of an inch into the cloth. It was shown that the blood went on first and than image. Try doing that and then painting the body image. Thus up to now no one has been able to reproduce the Shroud in all its characteristics. Most scientists reject the painting theory.

2012 and the Old Equator

There are many signs that extraterrestrial beings, often called gods, periodically intervene in the evolution of life on Earth. Some of the most enduring signs like the Great Pyramid have convinced me that Stone Age humans under Old Kingdom Pharaohs did not build many of the most ancient and most enduring megaliths. Our world view of the Great Pyramid is shaped by the Egyptologists, the liberal media, government teachers, parents etc. Studies by many New Age scholars have convinced them that the Great Pyramid was not built by the Pharoah Khufu as a tomb. Historians note that it is devoid of authentic inscriptions, unlike later pyramids which contained extensive religious inscriptions about their builders. The so called coffin found in the Kings Chamber was carved out of one piece of solid granite, including the cover. It is too large to have been transported into the pyramid, so like the enigmatic air shafts which point to Sirius and Orion, this most massive of all the world’s stone structures was built around these internal features. Machinists have found tool marks like those made by modern saws inside this coffin. Robert Bauval and Adrian Gilbert in “The Orion Mystery: Unlocking the Secrets of the Pyramids” have used many good photos and illustrations to help convince me that the Great Pyramid is a prehistoric machine not built by prehistoric humans. As an engineer, I recognize the following photo as a very strong solid granite foundation for a heavy machine creating a very large downward force.
 
Old Equator
Well over 5000 years old, all iron parts of the machine would be long gone. This foundation cut into a huge block of granite was not made using stone age tools which is all that was available in Egypt at the time of Khufu, about 2500 BC. Like the Sphinx, Bauval and others think the Great Pyramid is over 10,000 years old. The bottom of the pyramid was solidly and precisely set into solid bedrock. My theory that it was used to move a tectonic plate is way out, but closer to the truth than the myth repeated again and again by Egyptologists. Those of you who think that survivors from Atlantis built the Great Pyramid are also closer to the truth, since Atlantis was ruled by extraterrestrial gods, like Poseidon..
 
The gods left many signs using mathematics and astronomy, especially those signs built into the Great Pyramid. Robert Bauval discovered that the three enigmatic Giza pyramids are aligned the same as the three stars forming the belt of the constellation of Orion, the sign of Osiris, the most important of the early Egyptian gods. Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the extensive preparations for the Pharaohs to make the dangerous journey to join Osiris in Orion. The illustration below shows that Al Nitak corresponds to the Great Pyramid. The Egyptian god Thoth taught that as in heaven, so on earth. The gods are pointing to Al Nitak and Sirius for reasons now known only by the gods.
 
Old Equator
Al Nitak Points to the Great Pyramid
Using Archaeoastronomy, Bauval calculates that 10,450BC is the time when the Orion belt and Al Nitak are lowest on the horizon. That is also the date with the best match between the orientation of the Giza Pyramids and the Orion belt stars. Later in this article, I will suggest that this “Earth in Upheaval” age and start of the Mayan Third Age of Man is one of the last three times the gods have visited Earth in mass. Plato and Cayce recorded that 10.500 BC is one of the date of the destruction of Atlantis. Physical and mythical signs have convinced me that extraterrestrial gods periodically intervene in human physical and cultural evolution. Next I will discuss the location of the most important of the extraterrestrial signs, a great circle thru Giza that once was the Old Equator.

The Old Equator

A dozen of the most important ancient sacred sites all lie in a straight line on what some geologists believe was once the equator. This amazing discovery is described in detail by Jim Alison on his web site (http://home.hiwaay.net/~jalison). Some geologists calculate that the North Pole was located in Alaska less than a hundred thousand years ago (Wilson 2001, 314). Alison calculates that the Great Sphinx and the Great Pyramid were located on that ancient equator which he now locates using sacred sites. The three oldest known civilizations were also located on that same great circle: Sumer, Egypt and the Indus River Valley civilizations. (See “Ancient Gods and Their Mysteries: Will They Return in 2012?” for references.)
Old Equator
Six major religions were born very near the Old Equator.
Old Equator
The more I study this enigmatic great circle, the more I am convinced that these sacred sites are important signs from extraterrestrial gods who periodically visit Earth. They were planned by the gods, and many megalithic structures like the Great Pyramid were even built by the gods. Alison is an expert on geography and geometry and he loves the accuracy with which some ancient architect laid out these sites. What Alison now calls his line of ancient sites is the great circle which I still call the Old Equator. Jim Alison calculates the pole of his great circle as 59 degrees 42 minutes N and 139 degrees 17minutes W, located in Alaska’s Yukon. This is about a 30 degree shift from 90 degrees N, the current location of the North Pole. The following table from Alison’s web site last year calculates the precision of the alignments. The Great Pyramid, Petra and the ancient Nazca Lines are located dead on the Old Equator, or 6,215 miles from the pole. Most of Alison’s sites are within ten miles of this ley line, surely the most impressive of many ley lines (10/6215 <<1%).
Old Equator
Accuracy like this is not accidental but is well planned by the gods, not by humans. It was planned by extraterrestrial visitors before the dawn of civilization. Gods make the signs and humans read the signs. Building stone monuments and measuring the Earth were important to the gods. As in heaven, so on earth.

A Journey along the Old Equator

We will next take a journey around the Earth going east along the Old Equator. Starting from the Great Pyramid, we come next to Petra, lying just 3miles south of the Old Equator. Petra is a world heritage site in Jordan on an old caravan route between Egypt and Sumer. It is mentioned in the Bible and is sometimes called the Valley of Moses. Petra is south of Jerusalem, and most of the Holy Land lies slightly north of the Old Equator. In the fourth century B.C. the Nabateans established a civilization at Petra. Petra is a dry and rocky place, and the Nabateans dug large cisterns in the solid rock. Water was a valuable commodity at this ancient crossroads, which also was located on an old north-south route between Arabia and the Mediterranean. In the first century B.C., the Nabatean Empire stretched from Arabia to the Sinai Peninsula and the Mediterranean, and included Jerusalem and Damascus. It encompassed what was Solomon’s kingdom and the Holy Land. Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Zoroaster and Muhammad all lived within a day’s donkey or camel journey from Petra. Some historians believe that the Garden of Eden was in Jordan, which was a rich river valley around 10,000 B.C.
 
Old Equator
The main tourist attractions in Petra are its ancient and beautiful buildings, monuments, megaliths and an amphitheater, all carved into reddish-colored bedrock. “The ruins of Petra constitute one of the most extraordinary and fascinating monumental complexes of the ancient world, for the outstanding quality of the architecture and for the city’s remarkable position among ragged hills and narrow gorges. Petra is without a doubt one of the marvels of the world, one of those places that you will never forget”. ( Bourbon 1999, 6). The first photo below (ibid. 102) shows some of the beauty and the impressive way architecture is carved out of solid rock (Hammerton 1937, 88). The gods love to carve solid rock!
We look forward to experiencing this ancient site and would not be surprised if some of the caverns and cisterns are much older than the Nabatean culture.
 
Old EquatorNow that we know that Petra lies on the Old Equator, archeologists should take a new look. In particular, we would like to know the age and exact location of an obelisk carved out of the top of a mountain peak, leaving a level foundation with two east-west markers. See the following photo from Bourbon 1999.
Making markers the hard way consisted of removing 113,000 cubic feet of solid rock away from the obelisks. The more famous Hitching Post of the Sun at Machu Pichu in Peru was also carved out of solid rock on a high promontory and is located on the Old Equator! Alison calculates both markers to be 3 miles out of 6215 miles (0.05%), from his 2005 line of sacred sites. I look forward to the day when a New Age surveyor calculates a new Old Equator based on up to date Global Positioning Satellites (GPS) and these two mountain top markers.
 
Take a close look at this obelisk which is one piece with an ancient weathered desert mountain top. There are no human inscriptions and no art or polish. It is functional and crude and prehistoric. Today, humans with backpacks and cameras make this impressive climb, but few bring saws which could cut off the top of a granite mountain. Petra with its unique carved buildings, amphitheaters, cisterns, caverns and especially its obelisks is so sacred to me, that I hesitate to tell you more. It is one of the major sacred sites on earth, pointing to the gods in heaven. He who has eyes to see, let him search for more truth at Petra.
 
Old EquatorThe next ancient site on the Old Equator is Ur, in Sumer near the mouth of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Ur is one of the oldest cities in the world and contains the oldest significant Ziggurat or Step Pyramid. The Ziggurats were Sumerian temples and known as the homes of the local god and priests. As centuries went by, new temples were built on top of older Ziggurats. The following Figure shows a computer reconstruction of Ur’s most impressive Ziggurat (Forte 1997, 93).
Ur is the first city known to have extensive indoor plumbing and sewers, long considered to be a mark of civilization. Some of the oldest bronze tools, wheels, and bronze foundries have been found in Ur. One of the oldest cuneiform tablets found in Ur is the earliest record of a king. The Bible says that Ur was the home of Abraham. The following photos (Davidson 1967) and (Hammerton 1937) show how civilized Ur was in the third millennium B.C.
Old Equator
Old Equator
Artistically, these photos from about 2500 BC look more civilized than most musical instruments and ornaments from current third world kingdoms. They also are signs of trade from distant lands for gold, silver and rare minerals. Sumer was home to some of the world’s first professional craftsman, including artists and musicians. It was home to the first known kings and they had a very high regard for women. The ancient Sumerian heaven-and-earth god, Ea, later called Enki, first brought civilization to man in nearby Eridu, which appears closer to Alison’s line of sacred sights than Ur. The following long quotation from Sitchin says that the ancient Sumerians believed that Eridu was a very important old city.
“There was a time, the Sumerians told, when civilized man was not yet on Earth, when animals were only wild and domesticated crops were not yet cultivated. At this long-ago time (710,000 B.C.) there arrived on Earth a group of fifty Anunnaki (children of the god Anu). Led by a leader whose name was E.A. (meaning whose home is water), they journeyed from their home planet NIBIRU and, reaching Earth, splashed down in the water of the Persian Gulf. Their first task was to drain the marshes and clear river channels, check out food sources (found to be fish and fowl). They then began to make bricks from the clay of the soil and established the first-ever settlement on Earth by extraterrestrials. They named the habitat ERIDU, which meant Home in the Faraway or Home away from Home. The name is the origin of the name Earth in some of the oldest languages” (Sitchin 1998, 42). The above Sumerian story was found in writing, but the subject was pre-diluvial history. “After the Deluge, the Sumerians rebuilt the ancient Anunnaki habitats into cities for humans and their gods. The first one to be rebuilt was Eridu, Enki’s city; and it was there, we believe, that the momentous decision to grant mankind civilization was made; the time, archaeological evidence shows, was circa 3800 B.C.” (ibid. 187).
Most scholars agree that the Sumerians had the first civilization with city-states, kings and priests. The Sumerians claimed Eridu was their first city, both before and after the Deluge. They worshiped Anu and his children, the old heaven and earth gods. The Old Equator may go right through Eridu in southern Sumer. Eridu is not as impressive today as nearby Ur, which is larger and was built later than Eridu. Both written history and archaeological records say Eridu was destroyed after 3000 B.C. by warring kings and gods. You have to dig down more than five thousand years in ruins to find traces of the first civilization, but nowhere on earth have they found older written records of gods, kings, priests, scribes, teachers, dancers, musicians, craftsmen, merchants, engineers, sailors, mathematicians, astronomers and astrologers. Practical implements such as plows are more common in early artifacts and writings than weapons and war. The oldest written documents are usually related to property records, commerce and numbers.
 
The world’s first wheeled vehicles were donkey carts, not chariots. The Sumerians invented both two-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles. Did they have help from the gods? Written historical records clearly said they did. Modern political correctness says that God is wholly other, manifest only through Jesus or Mohammed. The evidence points to an improbable change in mankind around 3100 B.C., and it occurred along an even more improbable great circle. The Sumerians wrote their history down in the world’s oldest clay tablets, documenting that the sons of Anu from Nibiru came out of the water and taught them the arts of civilization. ..
 
Old EquatorThe first of many symbols of the winged disk or celestial sphere with wings comes from Sumer The following illustration shows symbols that were pervasive for more than three thousand years as the symbol for Anu and other ancient heaven-and-earth gods including gods from Egypt, Assyria, and Persia.
Originally the disk or globe symbolized Nibiru, Anu’s home planetoid. Note the cobras in the second “winged disc”, symbolizing a feathered serpent, the major name for several native American gods, including Quetzalcoatl. These symbols were found in royal tombs and documents thru Asia Minor, Egypt and nearby countries. They originally symbolized the flying planetoid Nibiru and its high god Anu. Later, similar symbols were used for other celestial gods such as the sun god. Many very historical pharaohs and kings used these symbols to remember ancient gods who flew to earth from heaven.
 
Continuing east on the Old Equator we cross the Zagros Mountains, where scientists find the origin of emmer, wheat, barley, grapes and olives over six thousand years ago. New Age scholars like Sitchin have helped convince many of us that it is very difficult to domesticate plants. There are major genetic differences between wild wheat and domesticated wheat. Why would struggling hunter gatherers spend hundreds of years collecting large seeds with special stalk properties for an inedible seed. No other ape eats grain! Centuries later humans somehow learned how to make beer and bread. Even then, how did clan chiefs protect wheat seed thru a severe winter? Domestication of plants is a major sign of extraterrestrial intervention! Note that grapes also made enigmatic giant leaps forward in size and quality, especially for making wine. I think that extraterrestrial gods helped the Zagros Mountain hunter gatherers make beer and wine. Since the dawn of history in America, gods have helped shaman find mushrooms and psychedelic roots in order to better communicate with the gods.
 
It is harder to trace the domestication of animals, but the oldest signs of domestication of sheep and goats are near the Old Equator and the Zagros Mountains. Dogs may have been domesticated in India, but more research is needed. Will Hart in “African Genesis: Our Extraterrestrial DNA and the True Origins of the Species” makes convincing arguments that humans have never domesticate the grey wolf Canis lupus. All dogs are descended from the grey wolf and can breed with them and have viable pups. This means that dogs should be in the species Canis lupus and not Canis familiaris. Hart reminds us that we can tame many animals like tigers, zebras, elephants and wolves, but we do not have the ability to domesticate them. Domesticated animals have smaller brains and are dependent on humans. Some night when you cannot sleep, ponder the domestication of humans and dogs. Homo sapiens have a smaller brain than Neanderthal man. Did Anubis domesticate the Egyptians? Did dogs domesticate humans?
 
At the start of the Mayan Third Age of Man, Neanderthal Man and Homo erectus were extinct and all humans were of one species, Homo sapiens. Since evolution usually drives for diversity, the evolution of one species from many is rare. The Cataclysm that smote the northern hemisphere left few humans surviving north of the Old Equator. By the Fourth Age of Man we find an immigration of new hunter gatherers into the Fertile Crescent and the Zagros Mountains. Some signs of dogs or tame wolves appeared, but humans were few and struggling, mostly living in caves. Big game was very scarce. By the start of the Fifth Age of Man, the domestication of plants and animals, intensive farming using irrigation, writing, bronze, and the wheel had changed civilization forever. All this happened near the Old Equator within about 5000 years with less humans than the population of Iraq. Did the humans have help? Note that most of the Homo sapiens on Earth before 3114 BC lived south of he Old Equator and show very few signs of civilization.
 
Old EquatorThe next sacred site on the Old Equator is Persepolis, the ancient capitol of Persia. Persepolis was the home of Xerxes, Cyrus and Darius, powerful kings of the Persian Empire. The tomb of Cyrus was a step pyramid using huge white limestone blocks.
The lowest step was the height of a man. Many monuments from Persepolis are well preserved and very impressive, like the following ancient monument to Xerxes.
Persepolis is also the home of Zoroastrianism. Zoroaster was a major prophet of dualism; good versus evil, right versus wrong, light versus darkness, life verses death and truth verses falsehood. The good lord and his good spirit are involved in a long struggle against Satan and the evil spirit. Zoroaster believed in divine cycles or ages lasting three thousand years. Note that the Sumerians believed in divine cycles of 3,600 years. Zoroaster lived about 1000 BC and believed that humans had to help his good lord vanquish evil. He was a major influence on Babylonian, Jewish, Christian and Muslim views of the Apocalypse. Zoroasters’s “good spirit” evolved into the Judeo-Christian concept of the Holy Spirit after the Babylonian exile.
 
Old EquatorTraveling east along the Old Equator we get to Mohenjo Daro in the Indus River Valley. There is evidence here of a well-organized agrarian society with few monuments or records. Dating to the middle of the third millennium B.C., similar to the Old Kingdom in Egypt, the Indus Valley civilization is usually considered the third oldest civilization, behind Sumer and Egypt. Is it a coincidence that the first three major human civilizations lie on the Old Equator? The Indus Valley civilization is less impressive than Sumer or Egypt, but it was a well-planned city with centralized plumbing, sanitary sewers and central baths. The Mohenjo Daro water and sewer system included large communal baths and was more advanced than many third world cities today. Following is a photograph of the Great Bath at Mohenjo Daro (McIntosh 2001, 67).
Old EquatorThe ancient architect of the sacred sites on the Old Equator must have used the same sexadecimal system that Enki taught at Eridu, because most of the intervals between sacred sites are 36 degrees or some other multiple of 6. Mohenjo Dare is 36 degrees east of the Great Pyramid. Traveling another 36 degrees east of Mohenjo Daro we come to Angkor Wat, the impressive ancient capital of Cambodia. Angkor Wat is the impressive temple complex of 72 (36×2) temples built by the Chimeras in Cambodia around 1000 A.D. One of the most common of many elaborate stone statues are those of the Naga gods, usually pictured as a cobra snake with five or more heads. Many statues show the Buddha protected by a Naga cobra god.
 
Hancock writes: “In Indian mythology the Nagas are supernatural beings, cobra-kings, who rule on earth but are ranked amongst the gods. They are shape changers who can appear, at will, as fully human or as hybrids, human above the waist and serpent below”. (Hancock 1998, 134f). Hancock and others have found that many of the chamber temples are located in a pattern similar to the constellation of Drako, the heavenly serpent. There are many similarities between Angkor Wat and Egypt. The cobra-kings are similar to Egypt’s horus-kings. They both ruled before the dawn of history. Another striking similarity between Angkor Wat and the old heavenand- earth gods of Sumer is the belief in cosmic cycles or ages. The Chimeras, like the Hindus, believed that we are living in the last of the ages of man in the current cycle of creation. This last age began in 3100 B.C., close to the time of the Mayan’s fifth sun and the last visit of Anu to Sumer.
 
Continuing east along the Old Equator we cross the South China Sea and move into the Pacific Ocean. The Old Equator goes thru the highlands of New Guinea, an isolated Island of growing interest to both geneticists and cultural anthropologists. Homo sapiens have been in Australia and New Guinea for more than thirty thousand years, much longer than in America. Native Australians remained hunter-gatherers for the entire time, while farming evolved in New Guinea. In fact, New Guinea farmers or their gods first developed their own varieties of the banana tree, taro, yam and sugar cane around 7000 B.C.
The earliest and most intensive food production, and the densest populations, of Greater Australia arose in the highland valleys of New Guinea at altitudes between 4,000 and 9,000 feet above sea level. Archaeological excavations uncovered complex systems of drainage ditches dating back nine thousand years ago and becoming extensive by six thousand years ago, as well as terraces serving to retain moisture in drier areas. The ditch systems were similar to those still used today in the highlands to drain swampy areas for use as gardens. By around five thousand years ago, pollen analyses testified to widespread deforestation of highland valleys, suggesting forest clearance for agriculture (Diamond 1997, 303).
New Guinea has a cultural evolution similar to that found in the highland valleys of Peru, which also developed new lands with canals and the terracing of highland valleys. The 7000 B.C. date is close to the 7121 BC date for the start of the Mayan Fourth Age of Man. The Papuan languages found in New Guinea are unique in the world!
 
Although Australia and New Guinea were one land mass during the last ice age, their natives are different genetically. Blood types in New Guinea are closer to the rest of the world than they are to the Australian Aboriginals. The mitochondria DNA in New Guinea come from a large number of unrelated female ancestors, not from an Australian population (Can 2003, 58). Don’t be surprised to learn that the Polynesians and Eastern Island natives are closely related to New Guinea natives.
 
Old EquatorAround 1200 B.C., seafaring farmers from the Bismarck Archipelago ventured east into the wide open seas of the Pacific with its many islands. If they traveled along the Old Equator, a route that Enki planned, they would come to Anatom Island, 72 degrees east of Angkor. We note that the precession rate of the stars is one degree in 72 years, and 72 is a hexadecimal number built into both the Great Pyramid and Angkor Wat. Anatom Island is the most southern island in the new Republic of Vanuatu. Stone ruins there once housed the largest missionary church in the southern hemisphere.
Another 72 degrees east along the Old Equator and we come to Easter Island, a very auspicious island. There are more than 600 large enigmatic statues on Easter Island. Most of these statues are more than a thousand years old and some weigh between 100,000 and 150,000 pounds. The following Figure from Hancock’s “Heavens Mirror” is an excellent photograph of one of the most famous of the Easter Island statues which natives call Moai.
 
The statues draw our attention to the eyes and head gear. Native American ballplayers are often pictured with helmets, and memorable huge Olmec heads had helmets. Egyptian and Sumerian illustrations usually picture their gods with helmets and/or horns on their heads. Also, some eyes on Egyptian statues were painstakingly crafted from convex crystal lenses! Many of the Moai are mounted on immense stone platforms. The statues are not the only sign that a large civilization once existed on the island. Legend has it that the original three canoes that settled Easter Island in the fourth century A.D. included scribes who could recite the sacred words on fifty-seven wooden tablets. Like most legends there is some truth here because twenty-four ancient tablets have been found with hieroglyphic script similar to the symbolic scripts of Egypt and the early Indus Valley civilization. Another great mystery is that the Easter Island hieroglyphics have not been deciphered to date. It is different than any other written language. Why did the gods like to invent and scatter new languages along the Old Equator? Are they signs?
Hancock writes about the mystery of how seafarers in canoes could navigate the awesome South Pacific to find remote Easter Island.
The mystery also concerns a people who must already have possessed a well-developed tradition of architecture and engineering when they arrived at the Naval of the World for there is little trace of experimentation and trial and error in the execution of the great Moai. On the contrary, the consistent and carefully thought out artistic canon expressed in these unique works of sculpture appears to have been fully elaborated at the beginning of Easter Island’s remarkable statue-making phase with the best Moai often being the earliest ones. (ibid. 226).
The architecture Hancock refers to includes sturdy walls and platforms containing many megaliths and atlars. Scholars theorize on how the natives moved these huge megaliths. The natives themselves said Manna, or sorcery, moved them. The people carved the statues in quarries, but the god kings moved them, often through the air.
 
One tradition is that the original natives came from a far away island on three canoes. Another tradition is that they came from heaven in a ship.
He (the god king) came down from heaven to earth. To both earths did Hotu-Matua, returning with the help of heaven to both worlds of his eldest son, to both worlds, to his world. He came in the ship of his youngest son, his best son, came to earth from heaven. (ibid. 245f).
As in almost all the ancient sacred sites, there are many astronomical orientations. In Easter Island many alignments are solar, like the equinoxes and the solstices. Native traditions speak of a brotherhood of learned men who studied the sky. The middle of the Pacific Ocean is a good place to observe the stars. The islanders called their island Eyes Looking at Heaven, a common motif for the statues.
 
We have credited Alison for his precise location of the Old Equator, but Hancock and other scholars paved the way. The similarities between Easter Island, Angkor Wat and Giza include old naval of the earth themes with many “omphalos” or naval of the Earth stone symbols. Authorities like Peter Tomkins, who worked closely with Stechini and John Michel in his important study At the Center of the World also present compelling evidence that a network of centers, in constant communication with one another, did once exist, spread out widely around the globe (ibid. 253). Centered around Egypt, the above scholars identified geographical naval of the world and stone navels marking important meridians and parallels. Alisons’ studies to date have located Easter Island once and for all as a prominent location on an old important grid. Not only is it located on the Old Equator, but it is located exactly 180 degrees east of where the Old Equator crosses the Indus River Valley. In other words, if you drill a hole from Easter Island straight through the center of the earth, you come out in the ancient Indus River Valley, the location of another undeciphered script. There are only a handful of undeciphered scripts on earth, and two of them line up through the center of the earth. Easter Island is also the location of an enigmatic “Hot Spot” which form rows of volcanoes. It is also located above one corner of the Nazca Tectonic Plate, the plate used to form the Andes Mountains (See my Essay on Intelligent Design).
 
Old EquatorSome Archaeologists think that the many immense stone foundations predate the Moai statues. We agree, since the following Martin Gray photos from Easter Island show ancient walls with cut stone like we will later find at Machu Pichu in the Andes.
Most archaeologists see details like this small stone block in Peru and say the Incas made it using Stone Age tools and much patience. Since the Incas did not go to Easter Island, and natives today still use rock hammers to work stone, the above two photos from Easter Island are signs of extraterrestrials. Humans never built this very old wall! Easter Island is a very enigmatic sign that extraterrestrials visited Earth in prehistoric times.
 
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Continuing east along the Old Equator we come to the site of the famous huge pictures at Nazca Peru. Here strange pictures and runways are visible from the air, but barely visible from the ground. Some of the figures are larger than a football field and can easily be seen a mile away in an airplane. Following is an aerial photograph of the Nazca Hummingbird (McIntosh 2001, 215).
Some archaeoastronomers calculate that the Nazca ground figures mirror star constellations two thousand years ago. The images were made by scraping dirt and stones away to produce a subtle two-tone picture. For whom were these pictures made? Since they do not look like much on the ground, they were made for people with flying machines, like us or extraterrestrial gods. The Nazca coast of Peru had a rich culture long before the Mayans and the Aztecs. The gods left many signs in Peru, including many skulls with trepanned holes and/or elongated skulls.
 
Old EquatorFlying due east for an hour brings us to one of the most sacred and mysterious sites in South America, Machu Pichu in Peru. Located high in the Andes Mountains, 2000 feet above the sacred Wilcamayu River, the ancient remains are pre-historical. Look closely at the following photos from Martin Gray’s excellent web site www.sacredsites.com.
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On top of this granite mountain peak in the high Andes is an impressive prehistoric observatory and the sacred Intihuatana, the Hitching Post of the Sun.
Old EquatorLike the mountain top obelisk at Petra, this structure was not built on top of a level granite peak, but it is actually part of the original solid mountain top. Many tons of granite were removed from around this functional hitching post for reasons known only by the gods. The wall in the background with the well built and well preserved trapezoidal window were added after the mountain top was leveled. Note the trapezoidal windows which have solar and celestial alignments as part of an observatory. The following granite walls from the Machu Pichu mountain top are worth studying.
This ancient granite block was not built by the Incas or other Stone Age humans. Analysis of the pink granite indicates that it was quarried high up on another mountain on the other side of the sacred Vilcamaya River (Forte 1997,276). Note that the whole wall looks pink, while the mountain is gray granite like the Intihuatana.
Old EquatorOld EquatorMachu Pichu has attracted wide attention for its huge megaliths and precision work of stone masons, and also that it was hidden from western civilization for over 400 years. Huge megaliths were transported across deep valleys and precisely cut to fit tightly with other megaliths. It would be difficult and very expensive to duplicate this workmanship using today’s tools. The oldest construction is much better than later additions.
 
A few miles south of Machu Pichu lies Ollantaytamba, the second most impressive megalithic sites in South America. The next two Figures show an ancient megalithic structure, later used as a fortress. Some of the Ollantaytamba megaliths weighed 400,000 pounds.
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Machu Pichu and Ollantytamba are two of the dozen ancient megalithic sites where enigmatic bronze clamps were used to hold large stones in place
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Not only is it impossible to make this cavity using stone hammers, but native Peruvians before Pizarro did not have the bronze technology to make these clamps. The Conquistadors never made it up to Machu Pichu, which is well hidden from the river valleys. Of about a dozen similar enigmatic bronze clamps that I know of, all are within walking distance of the Old Equator, the furthest being near Lake Titicaca, near the Peruvian Andes.
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The following photos of ancient Peruvian solid stone foundations are also not of human origin.
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Opening to underground shelter or foundation?
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Foundations Carved in Granite
Both photos show impressive foundations carved into solid granite bedrock. I am probably the only engineer who thinks that they were used to literally move mountains or tectonic plates. .
 
Traveling east from the Peruvian Andes we cross Brazil and the mouth of the Amazon River. Satellite photos indicate many ancient canals along the Amazon River, and just recently an ancient canal has been found on the Old Equator near the mouth of the Amazon. The Old Equator crosses the Cape Verde Islands, halfway between Easter Island and the Indus Valley. Ancient maps indicate some occupation of the Cape Verde Islands. Will Hart, Jim Alison and I are among the minority of scholars who think Cape Verde was home to Atlantis. In 11,000 BC, the ocean was about 300 feet lower and the Cape Verde and Canary Islands to the north were much larger.
 
The gods are very interested in time as well as space. They are especially interested in calendars and astronomical signs about space like the precession of the equinox, a very slow stellar event. The first two historical calendars date to about 3100 BC, the very dawn of history. The most accurate prehistoric calendar is the Mayan Calendar. If you are interested in Mayan calendars and celestial alignments, both of which point to the end of the Fifth Age of Man in 2012, look up works by John Major Jenkins. Most Mayan scholars agree with Jenkins that the last three ages of man started on 11,131 BC, 7121 BC and 3114 BC. I have previously mentioned that 11,000 BC is one of the preferred dates for the destruction of Atlantis and Noah’s Deluge. In 1997 Paul LaViolette published “Earth Under Fire: Humanity’s Survival of the Apocalypse” which calculates that a mass extinction of large animals on the northern hemisphere occurred around 10,750 BC. He also calculates that the black hole at the center of our galaxy reached its highest point on 10,890 BC.
 
Like the Egyptologists, American Anthropologists are outdated. They still think that Clovis big game hunters with improved spears caused the extinction of most large mammals around 11,000 BC, including the mammoths, mastadons, huge bears, giant sloths, scinter-tooth tigers and saber-tooth tigers. 2012 will arrive before most anthropologists update their theories based on new scientific evidence, such as that referenced in the excellent 2006 book “The Cycle of Cosmic Catastrophes: Flood, Fire, and Famine in the History Of Civilization” by Richard Firestone, Allen West, and Simon-Warwick Smith. They will be surprised to learn that the Clovis big game hunters also became extinct around 11,000 BC. Cosmic missiles, probably comets and radiation from an exploding supernova were the probable cause of an earthly catastrophe that devastated North America and much of South America, Europe and Asia. Large mammals in Africa survived. Very few American anthropologists currently believe this enigmatic mass destruction to have an extraterrestrial cause, and no scientist could publish that this event was part of an Intelligent Design.
 
Although scientists are still trying to figure out what caused the last mass destruction of large mammals, anthropologists agree that this mass destruction hurt the hunters and helped the farmers. The gods were preparing to introduce humans north of the Old Equator when they returned in 7121 BC. Remember that the Mayan Third Age of Man with the major cultural leap forward associated with the domestication of most plants and animals occurred near the Old Equator around 7000 BC. How did the Mayans know that the Fourth Age of Man started on 7131 BC and the Bronze Age started on 3114 BC? The Mayans, Toltecs, Zapotecs and the Olmecs all believed they could communicate with the gods using psychedelic drugs like mushrooms. Since I now believe that extraterrestrial gods built statues, fabricated walls, built pyramids, and taught us languages, perhaps they also taught the Mayan Calendar to humans (See my Essay on the Mayan Ages:  http://www.cloudriderbooks.net/essays.html ).
 
The end of the Fifth Age of Man ends on December 21, 2012. UFO abductees report that extraterrestrials are using humans to help breed many hybrids. Note that the grays etc are not gods. We will know them when the gods arrive in power. Estimates of the number of hybrid babies range from one thousand to one million. Human genes will dilute the hybrid genes long before the Second Age of Aquarius unless:1). the hybrids are a new species, or 2). most Homo sapiens are removed from the path of the new hybrids. Both the Mayans and the grays warn of earthquakes and mass destruction. The abductees are often shown an Earth split in two. My knowledge of evolution and history says that extraterrestrials use mass extinctions for both physical and cultural evolution. Perhaps extinction will again occur north of the Old Equator, civilization on the Old Equator and preservation of humans and other large mammals will continue south of the Old Equator; He who has ears to hear, let him hear!